File: C:/Ruby27-x64/share/doc/ruby/html/README_md.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>README - RDoc Documentation</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var rdoc_rel_prefix = "./";
var index_rel_prefix = "./";
</script>
<script src="./js/navigation.js" defer></script>
<script src="./js/search.js" defer></script>
<script src="./js/search_index.js" defer></script>
<script src="./js/searcher.js" defer></script>
<script src="./js/darkfish.js" defer></script>
<link href="./css/fonts.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="./css/rdoc.css" rel="stylesheet">
<body id="top" role="document" class="file">
<nav role="navigation">
<div id="project-navigation">
<div id="home-section" role="region" title="Quick navigation" class="nav-section">
<h2>
<a href="./index.html" rel="home">Home</a>
</h2>
<div id="table-of-contents-navigation">
<a href="./table_of_contents.html#pages">Pages</a>
<a href="./table_of_contents.html#classes">Classes</a>
<a href="./table_of_contents.html#methods">Methods</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="search-section" role="search" class="project-section initially-hidden">
<form action="#" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8">
<div id="search-field-wrapper">
<input id="search-field" role="combobox" aria-label="Search"
aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="search-results"
type="text" name="search" placeholder="Search" spellcheck="false"
title="Type to search, Up and Down to navigate, Enter to load">
</div>
<ul id="search-results" aria-label="Search Results"
aria-busy="false" aria-expanded="false"
aria-atomic="false" class="initially-hidden"></ul>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav-section">
<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
<ul class="link-list" role="directory">
<li><a href="#label-What-27s+Ruby">What's Ruby</a>
<li><a href="#label-Features+of+Ruby">Features of Ruby</a>
<li><a href="#label-How+to+get+Ruby">How to get Ruby</a>
<li><a href="#label-Git">Git</a>
<li><a href="#label-Subversion">Subversion</a>
<li><a href="#label-Ruby+home+page">Ruby home page</a>
<li><a href="#label-Mailing+list">Mailing list</a>
<li><a href="#label-How+to+compile+and+install">How to compile and install</a>
<li><a href="#label-Copying">Copying</a>
<li><a href="#label-Feedback">Feedback</a>
<li><a href="#label-Contributing">Contributing</a>
<li><a href="#label-The+Author">The Author</a>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="project-metadata">
<div id="fileindex-section" class="nav-section">
<h3>Pages</h3>
<ul class="link-list">
<li><a href="./CONTRIBUTING_md.html">CONTRIBUTING</a>
<li><a href="./COPYING.html">COPYING</a>
<li><a href="./COPYING_ja.html">COPYING.ja</a>
<li><a href="./LEGAL.html">LEGAL</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS.html">NEWS</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-1_8_7.html">NEWS-1.8.7</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-1_9_1.html">NEWS-1.9.1</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-1_9_2.html">NEWS-1.9.2</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-1_9_3.html">NEWS-1.9.3</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_0_0.html">NEWS-2.0.0</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_1_0.html">NEWS-2.1.0</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_2_0.html">NEWS-2.2.0</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_3_0.html">NEWS-2.3.0</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_4_0.html">NEWS-2.4.0</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_5_0.html">NEWS-2.5.0</a>
<li><a href="./NEWS-2_6_0.html">NEWS-2.6.0</a>
<li><a href="./README_ja_md.html">README.ja</a>
<li><a href="./README_md.html">README</a>
<li><a href="./bug_triaging_rdoc.html">bug_triaging</a>
<li><a href="./contributing_rdoc.html">contributing</a>
<li><a href="./contributors_rdoc.html">contributors</a>
<li><a href="./dtrace_probes_rdoc.html">dtrace_probes</a>
<li><a href="./extension_ja_rdoc.html">extension.ja</a>
<li><a href="./extension_rdoc.html">extension</a>
<li><a href="./globals_rdoc.html">globals</a>
<li><a href="./keywords_rdoc.html">keywords</a>
<li><a href="./lib/racc/pre-setup.html">pre-setup</a>
<li><a href="./lib/racc/rdoc/grammar_en_rdoc.html">grammar.en</a>
<li><a href="./maintainers_rdoc.html">maintainers</a>
<li><a href="./marshal_rdoc.html">marshal</a>
<li><a href="./regexp_rdoc.html">regexp</a>
<li><a href="./security_rdoc.html">security</a>
<li><a href="./signals_rdoc.html">signals</a>
<li><a href="./standard_library_rdoc.html">standard_library</a>
<li><a href="./syntax_rdoc.html">syntax</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/assignment_rdoc.html">assignment</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/calling_methods_rdoc.html">calling_methods</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/comments_rdoc.html">comments</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/control_expressions_rdoc.html">control_expressions</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/exceptions_rdoc.html">exceptions</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/literals_rdoc.html">literals</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/methods_rdoc.html">methods</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/miscellaneous_rdoc.html">miscellaneous</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/modules_and_classes_rdoc.html">modules_and_classes</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/precedence_rdoc.html">precedence</a>
<li><a href="./syntax/refinements_rdoc.html">refinements</a>
<li><a href="./win32/README_win32.html">README.win32</a>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<main role="main" aria-label="Page README.md">
<p><a href="https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/ruby/ruby.svg?branch=master"></a> <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ruby/ruby/branch/master"><img src="https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/0sy8rrxut4o0k960/branch/master?svg=true"></a> <img src="https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Cygwin/badge.svg"> <img src="https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/macOS/badge.svg"> <img src="https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/MJIT/badge.svg"> <img src="https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg"> <img src="https://github.com/ruby/ruby/workflows/Windows/badge.svg"></p>
<h1 id="label-What-27s+Ruby">What's Ruby<span><a href="#label-What-27s+Ruby">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h1>
<p>Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often used for web development. It also offers many scripting features to process plain text and serialized files, or manage system tasks. It is simple, straightforward, and extensible.</p>
<h2 id="label-Features+of+Ruby">Features of Ruby<span><a href="#label-Features+of+Ruby">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<ul><li>
<p>Simple Syntax</p>
</li><li>
<p><strong>Normal</strong> Object-oriented Features (e.g. class, method calls)</p>
</li><li>
<p><strong>Advanced</strong> Object-oriented Features (e.g. mix-in, singleton-method)</p>
</li><li>
<p>Operator Overloading</p>
</li><li>
<p><a href="Exception.html"><code>Exception</code></a> Handling</p>
</li><li>
<p>Iterators and Closures</p>
</li><li>
<p>Garbage Collection</p>
</li><li>
<p>Dynamic Loading of <a href="Object.html"><code>Object</code></a> Files (on some architectures)</p>
</li><li>
<p>Highly Portable (works on many Unix-like/POSIX compatible platforms as well as Windows, macOS, Haiku, etc.) cf. <a href="https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#platform-maintainers">github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing.rdoc#platform-maintainers</a></p>
</li></ul>
<h2 id="label-How+to+get+Ruby">How to get Ruby<span><a href="#label-How+to+get+Ruby">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p>For a complete list of ways to install Ruby, including using third-party tools like rvm, see:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads">www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads</a>/</p>
<h3 id="label-Git">Git<span><a href="#label-Git">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h3>
<p>The mirror of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the following command:</p>
<pre>$ git clone https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git</pre>
<p>There are some other branches under development. Try the following command to see the list of branches:</p>
<pre>$ git ls-remote https://github.com/ruby/ruby.git</pre>
<p>You may also want to use <a href="https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git">git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git</a> (actual master of Ruby source) if you are a committer.</p>
<h3 id="label-Subversion">Subversion<span><a href="#label-Subversion">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h3>
<p>Stable branches for older Ruby versions can be checked out with the following command:</p>
<pre>$ svn co https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_2_6/ ruby</pre>
<p>Try the following command to see the list of branches:</p>
<pre>$ svn ls https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/</pre>
<h2 id="label-Ruby+home+page">Ruby home page<span><a href="#label-Ruby+home+page">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p><a href="https://www.ruby-lang.org">www.ruby-lang.org</a>/</p>
<h2 id="label-Mailing+list">Mailing list<span><a href="#label-Mailing+list">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p>There is a mailing list to discuss Ruby. To subscribe to this list, please send the following phrase:</p>
<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">subscribe</span>
</pre>
<p>in the mail body (not subject) to the address <a href="mailto:ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org?subject=Join%20Ruby%20Mailing%20List&body=subscribe">ruby-talk-request@ruby-lang.org</a>.</p>
<h2 id="label-How+to+compile+and+install">How to compile and install<span><a href="#label-How+to+compile+and+install">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<ol><li>
<p>If you want to use Microsoft Visual C++ to compile Ruby, read <a href="win32/README.win32">win32/README.win32</a> instead of this document.</p>
</li><li>
<p>If <code>./configure</code> does not exist or is older than <code>configure.ac</code>, run <code>autoconf</code> to (re)generate configure.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Run <code>./configure</code>, which will generate <code>config.h</code> and <code>Makefile</code>.</p>
<p>Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your environment. Specify <code>optflags=..</code> and <code>warnflags=..</code> as necessary to override them.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Edit <code>defines.h</code> if you need. Usually this step will not be needed.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Remove comment mark(<code>#</code>) before the module names from <code>ext/Setup</code> (or add module names if not present), if you want to link modules statically.</p>
<p>If you don't want to compile non static extension modules (probably on architectures which do not allow dynamic loading), remove comment mark from the line "<code>#option nodynamic</code>" in <code>ext/Setup</code>.</p>
<p>Usually this step will not be needed.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Run <code>make</code>.</p>
<ul><li>
<p>On Mac, set RUBY_CODESIGN environment variable with a signing identity. It uses the identity to sign <code>ruby</code> binary. See also codesign(1).</p>
</li></ul>
</li><li>
<p>Optionally, run '<code>make check</code>' to check whether the compiled Ruby interpreter works well. If you see the message "<code>check succeeded</code>", your Ruby works as it should (hopefully).</p>
</li><li>
<p>Optionally, run <code>make update-gems</code> and <code>make extract-gems</code>.</p>
<p>If you want to install bundled gems, run <code>make update-gems</code> and <code>make extract-gems</code> before running <code>make install</code>.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Run '<code>make install</code>'.</p>
<p>This command will create the following directories and install files into them.</p>
<ul><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/bin</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/include/ruby-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/${PLATFORM}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/lib/ruby/gems/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/man/man1</code></p>
</li><li>
<p><code>${DESTDIR}${prefix}/share/ri/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${TEENY}/system</code></p>
</li></ul>
<p>If Ruby's API version is '<em>x.y.z</em>', the <code>${MAJOR}</code> is '<em>x</em>', the <code>${MINOR}</code> is '<em>y</em>', and the <code>${TEENY}</code> is '<em>z</em>'.</p>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: teeny of the API version may be different from one of Ruby's program version</p>
<p>You may have to be a super user to install Ruby.</p>
</li></ol>
<p>If you fail to compile Ruby, please send the detailed error report with the error log and machine/OS type, to help others.</p>
<p>Some extension libraries may not get compiled because of lack of necessary external libraries and/or headers, then you will need to run '<code>make distclean-ext</code>' to remove old configuration after installing them in such case.</p>
<h2 id="label-Copying">Copying<span><a href="#label-Copying">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p>See the file <a href="COPYING">COPYING</a>.</p>
<h2 id="label-Feedback">Feedback<span><a href="#label-Feedback">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p>Questions about the Ruby language can be asked on the Ruby-Talk mailing list (<a href="https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists">www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/mailing-lists</a>) or on websites like (<a href="https://stackoverflow.com">stackoverflow.com</a>).</p>
<p>Bugs should be reported at <a href="https://bugs.ruby-lang.org">bugs.ruby-lang.org</a>. Read <a href="https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby/wiki/HowToReport">HowToReport</a> for more information.</p>
<h2 id="label-Contributing">Contributing<span><a href="#label-Contributing">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p>See the file <a href="CONTRIBUTING.md">CONTRIBUTING.md</a></p>
<h2 id="label-The+Author">The Author<span><a href="#label-The+Author">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h2>
<p>Ruby was originally designed and developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz) in 1995.</p>
<p><a href="mailto:matz@ruby-lang.org">matz@ruby-lang.org</a></p>
</main>
<footer id="validator-badges" role="contentinfo">
<p><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check/referer">Validate</a>
<p>Generated by <a href="https://ruby.github.io/rdoc/">RDoc</a> 6.2.1.1.
<p>Based on <a href="http://deveiate.org/projects/Darkfish-RDoc/">Darkfish</a> by <a href="http://deveiate.org">Michael Granger</a>.
</footer>